Where
Integrated Chip means Indians, Chinese
CHIDANAND RAJGHATTA
SAN JOSE (CALIFORNIA),
OCT 30: Driving down Highway 101 from Palo Alto to Santa Clara, Gursaran
Das does not spare a second glance for any car being driven by a desi
(colloquial for Indian) or a Chinese, like he would in the American
South or the Midwest. Here, an Asian in every second or third car
is par for the course. If anything, it's a Caucasian who would attract
notice in this high-tech corridor, this Mecca of technology more commonly
known as Silicon Valley.
Escorting
this writer into Pasand, one of the dozens of Indian restaurants in
the area boiling with desis, Das, engineering manager with Aspect
Communication, waves his hand across the room and declares, ``Welcome
to Little India.''
Not
so little anymore, swear an assortment of American professionals and
academics who have tracked the growth of Indian engineers and entrepreneurs
in the area. No current census figures are available, but according
to conservative estimates, there are over 30,000 skilled Indian professionals
in Silicon Valleyalone, and nearly 100,000 in the Bay area.
The
last US census in 1990 showed that 32 per cent of the region's total
scientific and engineering were immigrants, and Indians and Chinese
accounted for 74 per cent, with Chinese dominating the hardware sector
and Indians in the software area.
Other
guesstimates suggest that a further 100,000 Indian professionals may
be employed in the hi-tech corridor on the Eastern seaboard, from
Boston to New York-New Jersey to the Washington-Virginia area. They
are called the Curry Brigade, and realtors on both coasts joke that
ever since the Indians began landing here in droves, the aroma of
curry has begun to spread in the region.
While
the Indian invasion of Silicon Valley was always being talked about,
what really snapped attention to the stealth takeover was a recent
study by a University of California academic that showed Indian or
Chinese CEOs are running one-fourth of all technology firms in the
region. According to a Dun & Bradstreet database, immigrants founded11,443
high-tech firms in Silicon Valley between 1980 and 1999. Says Anna
Lee Saxenian, who authored the groundbreaking study: ``When local
technologists claim that Silicon Valley is built on ICs they refer
not to the Integrated Circuit but to Indian and Chinese engineers.''
Just
what dazzling achievers Indians in the US are is evident in the frequency
with which one comes across Indian honchos in American business and
technology magazines, especially when they rank the top dogs. For
instance, two years ago, Forbes ASAP's 100 wealthiest people in the
US high-tech industry listed five Indians: Sanjiv Sidhu of i2 technologies
at 18th place with $772 million; Ajay Shah of Smart Modular at 48th
place with $192 million; Romesh Wadhwani of Aspect in 54th place with
184 million; Mukesh Patel also of Smart Modular in 74th placed with
$124 million; and Ken Sharma, also of i2 at 96th with $92 million.
It's
an indication of how fast wealth is created in this country that each
successive list has different Indiannames. Each year, they are becoming
richer too. Last year, when Forbes produced a list of 400 richest
immigrants (and that included weighty emigres like Rupert Murdoch
and George Soros), up popped another Indian in the top 25: the virtually
unknown Rajendra Singh who had amassed $540 million with his telephony
business. And this year, when Fortune carried a cover story on the
40 richest Americans under the age of 40, three men of Indian origin
made the list: Naveen Jain, 39, of InfoSpace at 12th position with
$861 million; Sanjay Kumar, 32, of Computer Associates at 37th place
with $335 million; and Mukesh Chatter, 38, of Nexabit Networks in
39th place with $250 million.
Again,
it's not just the money, but also excellence. When Forbes ranked the
200 best small companies in US, there again was a clutch of Indian
companies: Steve Sanghi's Microchip, Sanjiv Sidhu's i2, Vinod Gupta's
InfoUSA among others.
When
the reputed tech magazine Red Herring drew up a its list of top ten
entrepreneurs in the country, noone in desidom held their breath:
there was Mukesh Chatter of Nexbit (he is also one of Fortune's 40
richest Americans under 40) and Desh Deshpande of Sycamore (he of
the richest Indian fame from the first story in this series). Strangely,
the Chinese do not make any of these lists, but we will save that
for another story.
Across
the country, there's not a week when an Indian does not make his presence
felt in the higher reaches of the technology world. On Wednesday IIT
alumni Arun Netravalli took over as President of the legendary Bell
Labs, the fount of 30,000 inventions; another IIT-ian, Arun Kripalani,
recently became Senior Vice President of Qualcomm. Earlier this year,
giant computer maker Hewlett Packard hired Microsoft whiz Rajiv Gupta
to head an ambitious effort to establish a new Internet-commerce technology
with a set of programming protocols called E-Speak.
In
fact, dozens of Indians occupy the higher echelons of Microsoft (Windows
95 was written largely by Indians). Sun Microsystem has somany Indians
on its rolls that some call it Surya Microsystems.
The
Little India syndrome is so widespread that desis have even confected
their own Amerilingo. When desi geeks head out to he Italian eatery
Sbarro, they say they are going to Subba Rao. When they order chicken
parmagnani, they mean chicken parmigiani. In New York's Solomon Brothers,
systems administrator Chetan Roy says there are so many Indians in
the tech side of the company that they call it Salman Brothers.
Indian
techies have proliferated so much that they sustain two hi-tech magazines
just for the community (SiliconIndia and TechMantra) and even spin-off
a Desi-made commercial film -- Bugaboo, which opened to modest reviews
in August -- on their lifestyle.
(Next
in Silicon Valley Saga III: Where Indians Dare: When did a timid people
learn to take risks?)
The
Indians are coming, the Indians are coming
-
A University of California study showed Indian or Chinese CEOs
are running one-fourth of all technology firmsin Silicon Valley.
-
Two years ago, Forbes ASAP's 100 wealthiest people in the US high-tech
industry listed five Indians: Sanjiv Sidhu of i2 technologies
at 18th place with $772 million; Ajay Shah of Smart Modular at
48th place with $192 million; Romesh Wadhwani of Aspect in 54th
place with 184 million; Mukesh Patel also of Smart Modular in
74th placed with $124 million; and Ken Sharma, also of i2 at 96th
with $92 million.
-
On Forbes' list of 400 richest immigrants -- including Rupert
Murdoch and George Soros -- up popped another Indian in the top
25: the virtually unknown Rajendra Singh who had amassed $540
million with his telephony business.
-
And this year, when Fortune carried a cover story on the 40 richest
Americans under the age of 40, three men of Indian origin made
the list: Naveen Jain, 39, of InfoSpace at 12th position with
$861 million; Sanjay Kumar, 32, of Computer Associates at 37th
place with $335 million; and Mukesh Chatter, 38, of Nexabit Networks
in 39th place with $250million.
-
When Forbes ranked the 200 best small companies in US, there again
was a clutch of Indian companies: Steve Sanghi's Microchip, Sanjiv
Sidhu's i2, Vinod Gupta's InfoUSA among others.
-
On Wednesday IIT alumni Arun Netravalli took over as President
of the legendary Bell Labs, the fount of 30,000 inventions; another
IIT-ian, Arun Kripalani, recently became Senior Vice President
of Qualcomm. Earlier this year, giant computer maker Hewlett Packard
hired Microsoft whiz Rajiv Gupta to head an ambitious effort to
establish a new Internet-commerce technology with a set of programming
protocols called E-Speak
Other
stories of the series: