Miniaturists were also commissioned to render book illustrations, portraits and battle scenes patronised by the likes of Babur and Shah Jahan. The Rajasthani Miniatures, that are also known as Ragamala paintings have evolved through a coming together of the Jain Pata paintings and the Mughal-style scrolls. Unlike the Mughal miniatures that portrayed life and times of the emperors and fables of heroes like Hamza, Rajasthani Miniatures were dedicated to the portrayal of the Gods, mainly of Krishna, the gopis and naiyaks of the times. There are many suites that portray the seasons and in fact, before the advent of photography, the miniatures were a primary reference for the lifestyles, food habits and fashion followed by Indians. While the approach was quite stylised and often defied perspective as portrayed by Renaissance painters of the time, the miniatures display a fantastic eye for detail, one that often resulted in painters losing their sight. The painters also displayed a complete understanding and empathyfor human and animal life.

While fewer painters are known by name, like Miskin and Basawan, the guild system prevailed and the miniatures have carved a space that is both historical and aesthetic.