While central and southern states are reported to be on target, the shortfall was mainly in northern states like Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. The reasons cited were waterlogging, American ballworm pests and unseasonable rains.

Based on the species composition of cotton and seed rate, the requirement of cottonseed has been estimated at 7.85 lakh quintal during 1997-98 on 100-per cent seed replacement basis (SRR). Hybrid cotton seed requirement is only 85,000 quintal mainly because seed rate is very low i.e 2.5 kg per hectare.

It is estimated that only 30 per cent of the varietal seed requirement is met through certified seeds. By and large private sector seed producers supply hybrid seeds which are not always certified due to the long-drawn processes involved. Barring some reputed private companies,some small seed producers pass on spurious F-2 quality of hybrids.

Certified seeds are produced under official vigilance and are in short supply. Seeds of mixed varieties from ginning mills are sold at Rs 5 per kg as against certified seeds at Rs 20-40 per kg sold through authorised dealers. Hybrid seeds cost Rs 200 per kg. So, the tendency of the poor farmers is to buy cheaper variety seeds which in turn affects the quality and yields.

To augment supply of certified seeds started in 1996-1997, CCI involved itself in production of certified seeds and truthful label seeds by giving financial incentives. It gave an open offer to all state seeds corporations to finance entire shortfall in certified seed production target last year.

Ironically these corporations are unable to sell the seeds and are reluctant to take CCI assistance. Hence CCI has started giving financial aid to growers' co-operative societies. Private sector companies are not interested in CCI scheme since they do not want to take upvarietal seed business. Truthful label seeds are quality seeds but do not go through certification procedures and it suggested that until full requirement of certified seeds is met, all out efforts should be made for the supply of at least good quality truthful label seeds.

Out of 7 lakh quintals of cottonseed required, CCI scheme offers just a minuscule 10,000-20,000 quintals. The reluctance to produce certified seeds is due to lengthy procedure which may be made easier to augment supply of quality seeds at reduced cost.