India Business Forum

Search Button

The Indian Express

The Financial Express

Latest News

Market Indicators

Screen

Boulevard India

Celebrity Chat

Express Computers

Express Power

Letters

Advertisers Forum


Headstart

Business Forum

Lifemate

Zevraat

Express Properties

Palki - Travel

Information Technology

Astrosurf

Eco-India

Dr Know

Morning Digest

Express Greetings

Graffiti


FINANCIAL EXPRESS FRONT PAGE

Corporate

Economy

Expressions

Markets

Leisure

 

Saturday, November 28, 1998

Rising incomes foretell durable goods' consumerism, shows NCAER report 

Manjari Raman  
New Delhi, Nov 27: Gooodbye Middle Class, Hello Very Rich? According to a projection by the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER), by the year 2006-7 the number of top spenders in the country would have risen to 983.4 million, greater than the country's total current population of 950 million.

If that's cold comfort right now, consider: In terms of consumer durable consumption, you are probably better off today than on November 28, 1994. For, corroborating the NCAER's sunny forecast now is the latest market survey of households (MISH) -- to be published soon as the NCAER report on Indian Market Demographics: The Consumer Class -- which covers the actual trends during the years 1994-95 and 1995-96.

In this period, the number of households in the Very Rich, the Consuming Class and the Climbers -- considered as the top three consumer groups - grew by 13 per cent, that is, nearly five times as fast as the rate of population growth.

Showing a marked trend towards a population which is moreprosperous and has a high propensity to consume, the total number of households in the top three groups increased from 77.6 million households in 1994-95, to 87.8 million households in 1995-96.

At the bottom end of the market too the market structure underwent a significant change with the number of households classified as Destitute and Aspirants plummeting from 83 million in 1994-95 to 77 million in 1995-96, a drop from 7 to 3 per cent of total households. However, the decline was more in urban areas -- where the number of destitute and aspirant households decreased by 14 per cent -- than in rural areas, where the decline for the two categories combined was by 9.3 per cent.

Pertinently, the NCAER classifies consumers purely on the basis of the ownership and consumption -- and not on household income. Therefore, instead of the traditional classifications (low, low middle, middle, upper middle and high income groups), the NCAER classifications are:

* Destitutes: who consume very little of themanufactured goods;

* Aspirants: who purchase a few inexpensive consumer goods like transistors and bicycles;

* Climbers: who own and purchase slightly more expensive durable goods like black and white televisions, sewing machines and mixer-grinders;

* The Consuming Class: which buys the bulk of the consumer goods marketed in the country, and;

* The Very Rich: who buy the most expensive consumer products.

Says I Natarajan, chief economist, NCAER: ``In 10 years time there will be a six-fold growth in the number of Very Rich in the country.'' Some more insights from the NCAER's latest MISH findings and the 10-Year Whitebook, which projects trends in the Indian consumer market between 1997-2007?

* Urban areas will become increasingly consumerist and prosperous with more and more households moving into the Very Rich, Consuming Class and Climber category. According to the latest MISH findings, the number of Destitute and Aspirants fell from 14.4 million in 1994-95 to 12.4 in 1995-96. By 2001-2, thenumber is expected to fall to just 5.6 million, and by 2006-7, to just 1.2 million.

* The new middle class consisting of the Consuming Class population and the Climbers is burgeoning. It grew from 76.6 million households in 1994-95 to 86.6 million households in 1995-96. In the future it gallops: in population terms, up from 439.8 million in 1994-95, to a projected 725.2 million by 2001-2, and a whopping 948.4 million by 2006-7.

* The next 10 years will see a huge jump in the number of people falling under the Very Rich category. While the number of Very Rich households grew by a moderate 1 million in 1994-95, to 1.2 million in 1995-96, they will nearly triple by 2001-2 to 3 million households. More importantly, while the NCAER estimates that the number of Very Rich was just 5.7 million in 1994-95, by 2006-7 the number will zoom up to 35 million -- and be comparable to a rich European country.

The NCAER projections are based on assuming that annual growth in income averages at 6.7 per cent between1995-96 and 2001-2, and at 7.8 per cent from 2002-3 to 2006-7. According to Natarajan, annual incomes, on an average, grew by more than 7 per cent for the years 1995-96 and 1996-97, while the projection for 1998-99 lies between 5.5 per cent and 6 per cent.

Besides exploding myths like the Great Indian Middle Class, the NCAER classification provides a much truer perspective of buying patterns and trends in household consumption. Says Natrajan: ``Forget about income levels, you need to look at who buys what. A household with an income of Rs 10,000 in a metro consumes quite differently from a household with a similar income in rural areas.''

For example, at 1994-95 prices, a traditional income-based approach would slice the economy into five slabs where: the low income households where total annual income would fall below Rs 22,500; low-middle income between Rs 22,500 and Rs 45,000; middle income Rs 45,000 and Rs 62,000; upper middle, Rs 62,000 and Rs 96,000; and high income, above Rs 96,000.

However, theincome ranges for the different consumer classes -- obtained by superimposing the distribution of households by income in 1994-95 on the different consumer groups -- is quite different. The new income ranges at 1994-95 prices are: Destitutes, below Rs 16,000; Aspirants, between Rs 16,001 and Rs 22,000; Climbers, between Rs 22,001 and Rs 45,000; the Consuming Class, between Rs 45,001 and Rs 215,000; and the Very Rich, over Rs 215,000.

Natarajan is quick to warn, however, that the income levels should not be confused with purchasing power. In 1994-95, for example, the Consuming Class accounted for nearly 29 million households that owned and consumed most of the expensive consumer goods like refrigerators and washing machines.

According to income categories, this should have meant that such high value consumer products were bought essentially by those earning between Rs 45,001 and Rs 215,000. However, actual MISH data indicates that the Consuming Class as defined by this income level, accounted for only 71per cent of the refrigerators, 75 per cent of the scooters, 70 per cent of colour televisions, and 82 per cent of washing machines sold.

According to Natarajan, it is possible that some of the households with lower levels of income also have a purchasing power similar to that of the Consumer Class, although they are not classified under this group on the basis of their income. Similarly, there may be others who do not belong to this Consuming Class but have crept into it on the basis of their income. That explains perhaps, why, if it's going so well, it hurts so much right now?

Copyright © 1998 Indian Express Newspapers (Bombay) Ltd.


Top


The Ambassador Group of Hotels

Global Tenders invited by MSTC

The National Stock Exchange of India (NSE)

 

Click here for a printer-friendly page Printer-friendly page

One of India's Leading Banks


The Indian Express  |  The Financial Express  |  Latest News
Screen  |  Express Investment Week  |  Market Indicators  |  Express Computers
Astrosurf  |  Eco-India  |  Travel & Tourism  |  Information Technology  |  Drumbeat: Ad Buzzaar
Advertisers Forum  |  Career India  |  Business Forum  |  Match Maker  |  Express Properties