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Tuesday, September 7, 1999
Truant monsoon
The long run of good monsoons has broken, with rains during June-August deficient in two-fifths of the districts of the country, principally in the north (excluding Punjab); and in Orissa in the east, in Gujarat and Marathwada in the west and in Tamil Nadu and Kerala in the south. The sheer spread of the districts singed by the aberrant monsoon makes it the "worst in five years". True, the truant rains may still appear before the end of September, but that may not help the adversely-hit districts unless standing crops are nurtured with protective irrigation, but these have been developed rather unevenly across the country. The kharif output may not take too hard a knock (in the aggregate) but its likely decline in the adversely affected districts will lower farm incomes, besides hurting the output of coarse cereals and cash crops, including oilseeds. Kharif foodgrain output, which rose by but 1.5 per cent in 1998-99 (to 102.7 million tonnes) might well decline but production in the rabi should, by and large,make good the slippage. Overall, foodgrain output should be around 200 million tonnes, or a couple of million less than had been harvested in 1998-99. Even so, what is on the cards is a sharp drop in the growth rate of agriculture from last last year's 7.6 per cent peak. This will blight expectations of sustained rural demand for industrial goods and hold down, in turn, the pick-up in investment in industrial diversification (on which hinges hopes of an industrial revival this year).Food security per se will not be a problem. Foodgrain stocks of wheat and rice are about 8 million tonnes in excess of the buffer. These can be comfortably run down to meet the shortfalls in marketable surpluses in the districts likely to suffer output declines. The issue will be one of getting the public distribution system to reach supplies to the far-flung areas in distress. But at current procurement prices, foodgrains are costly. This means issue prices will have to be maintained at existing levels; in other words, thebudgetary subsidy for foodgrains must rise. Facile talk of reining in the foodgrain subsidy must end; (fiscal discipline must seek other directions). Consider also the fact that should the aggregate foodgrain output remain around 200 million tonnes (thanks to the rising rabi contribution, 99.9 million tonnes last year), procurement will be high in 1999-00, though below the record of 1998-99. The country has a first class foodgrain distribution problem on hand. The spell of good monsoons could not last forever. But despite good monsoons in the nineties, the average annual growth rate of agriculture declined to 2.6 per cent from 5.2 per cent in the eighties. This is hardly the profile of an economy looking to agriculture to fuel industrial demand and growth. Copyright © 1999 Indian Express Newspapers (Bombay) Ltd.

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